Dimethyl Sulfoxide is ideal for use as a cryoprotectant. Also used in chemical reactions, in polymerase chain reactions (PCR) as a PCR cosolvent to help improve yields, especially in long PCR, and as a cryoprotectant vitrification agent for the preservation of cells, tissues and organs. DMSO is used in cell freezing media to protect cells from ice crystal-induced mechanical injury. It is used for frozen storage of primary, sub-cultured, and recombinant heteroploid and hybridoma cell lines, embryonic stem cells (ESC), and hematopoietic stem cells. DMSO is frequently used in the combinations with BSA or fetal bovine serum (FBS). Used to enhance dermal absorption of many chemicals. A solvent for many organic and inorganic compounds including fats, carbohydrates, dyes, resins, and polymers. Used in antifreeze or hydraulic fluids. A cryopreservative for cell cultures. Used in the oxidation of thiols and disulfides to sulfonic acids.