Sodium Valproate is reported to cause inositol depletion, activate the ERK pathway, inhibit GSK-3 and GSK-3. Valproic Acid has been reported to be a potent inhibitor of HDAC (histone deacetylase) in vitro (IC50 = 400 M for HDAC1), thereby relieving HDAC-dependent transcriptional repression and causes the hyperacetylation of histones in cultured cells. In animal studies, Valproic Acid has been observed to reduce tumor growth and metastasis formation. Additionally, Valproic Acid is reported to activate Wnt-dependent gene expression and to mimic trichostatin A in the inhibition of histone deacetylase. This compound is also an inhibitor of the CYP2C9 enzyme.